The service involves 4 properties in Campania, all protected under Legislative Decree 42/04, totaling 17,899 sq m.
Historical and Documentary Analysis
In addition to the Contracting Authority and the User Entities, the following bodies were consulted to obtain design and construction materials: the Municipality, Soprintendenza, Civil Engineering Department (for any reinforced concrete/metal interventions post-1971), Prefecture (for interventions pre-1972), Public Works Department, Soprintendenza, State Archives, Municipal Libraries, and others. Extensive material was gathered, primarily of a historical nature, along with technical details regarding more recent transformations.
Investigations
Despite the uniformity of the general layout (all masonry), the four buildings constitute a complex set of different cases regarding structural types. The instrumental investigation campaign was entrusted to a laboratory specifically qualified for testing existing structures in accordance with Circular no. 633/STC. Instrumental tests were accompanied by visual inspections conducted directly by the RTP engineers. To investigate soil nature, direct geognostic investigations were performed: DPSH dynamic penetrometric tests and geognostic core drilling with in-hole SPT tests; in addition to these, P-wave seismic refraction and MASW+REMI, HVSR, or Down-Hole investigations were carried out.
Investigation Campaign Proposal
Following approval from the Contracting Authority and the User Entities, the campaign was submitted to the Soprintendenza of Naples and Caserta, receiving immediate approval. After the investigations were completed, a new version of the documents was produced to serve as the “as-built” report, accounting for any variations that occurred during execution.
Categorization of Structural Components
This activity involved a thematic definition divided into types: vaults (barrel, groin, etc.) with the type of overlying horizontal structures, joist floors, wooden floors, reinforced concrete and clay floors, etc.
Structural Heterogeneity
Despite the uniformity of the general structural layout (all masonry), the four buildings constitute a complex set of different cases regarding the type of masonry (brick, stone, blocks) and horizontal structures (wood, reinforced concrete and clay, steel joists).
Modeling
The modeling of the various buildings was performed using different calculation programs selected based on the specific characteristics of the buildings and the software. At a global level, calculation programs such as 3Muri were chosen, as they are well-suited to capturing the global behavior of these properties. At a local level, other programs were used to study the capacity of wooden, steel, and vaulted members like those found in the various horizontal structures. Verifications according to NTC2018 were performed using non-linear static analysis. Regarding the three-dimensional global models, it should be noted that these were calibrated by also considering interactions with adjacent structures (even those not subject to direct verification). For properties of this nature, evaluating interactions with neighboring structures, especially under seismic conditions, was of particular importance. From a static perspective, checks were performed on both the masonry and the horizontal structures. Based on the findings, ad hoc reports were drafted with indications on the loads and uses that could be maintained in the various rooms.
Identified Vulnerabilities
The seismic assessment highlighted significant vulnerabilities: many of these are typical for masonry buildings, such as weaknesses identified regarding local overturning mechanisms, while others were very specific as they are closely linked to the centuries-old history of the assets and numerous alterations. For example, masonry eccentricity issues were found, attributable to clear construction discontinuities in both time and materials. The horizontal structures, especially the oldest ones and those built at the beginning of the last century, also showed significant deficiencies regarding the actions required by the new NTC standards. As these are protected assets, great care was taken in the type of interventions proposed, selecting those most respectful of the structure in terms of material compatibility and reversibility.
